Line + Obstacle detection Robot Kit

Description

Components for a Line Following Robot (LFR) along with their details:

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1. Microcontroller (Arduino Uno)

• The Arduino Uno is used as the brain of the robot. It processes data from the IR sensor array and controls the motors to keep the robot on track.

2. Motor Driver (L298N / L298D / H-Bridge)

• The motor driver controls the robot’s motors, allowing for precise movements along the line. The L298N and L298D are commonly used for LFRs due to their reliability.

3. IR Sensor Array (QTR / TCRT5000 / Custom)

• The IR sensor array detects the black or white line on the surface. Popular options include the QTR sensor array (compact and precise) and TCRT5000 modules (budget-friendly and effective).

4. Servo Motor

• A servo motor is used for steering mechanisms in advanced LFRs, enabling smoother and more precise turns along the track.

5. Motors (DC Gear Motors)

• DC gear motors provide the movement for the robot. These motors are chosen for their speed and torque, essential for following the line accurately at different speeds.

6. Wheels/Tires (Rubber Wheels)

• Rubber wheels are used for their good grip and smooth rolling, ensuring stability and accurate movement along the line.

7. Battery (LiPo or Li-ion)

• The battery powers all the components of the robot. A lightweight LiPo or Li-ion battery with 7.4V or 11.1V is typically used for efficiency and portability.

8. Chassis Material (Acrylic)

• The acrylic chassis provides a lightweight and sturdy base to mount the robot’s components, making it ideal for LFRs.

9. LED Indicators

• LEDs are used to provide visual feedback about the robot’s status, such as line detection or motor activity.

10. Power Supply Module (DC-DC Step Down Converter)

• A power supply module ensures stable voltage for the motors and sensors. A DC-DC step-down converter is often used to regulate the battery output for each component.

11. Proximity Sensor (Optional)

• While not essential for basic LFRs, a proximity sensor can be added to avoid collisions with obstacles.

12. Ultrasonic Sensor (Optional)

• An ultrasonic sensor like the HC-SR04 can be used in advanced LFRs to detect obstacles on the line and reroute the robot if needed.

13. Camera (Optional)

• Cameras are rarely used in LFRs but can be integrated for vision-based line tracking in advanced robots. This approach uses image processing instead of IR sensors.

14. Ball Caster

• A ball caster at the rear of the chassis adds stability and ensures smooth motion, particularly during sharp turns.